2011年1月24日星期一
[Reprint] great men, great times!_ black
Original address: great people, great times! author: cat nalisha -Mao's real achievements are the economy's successful attempt to "Mao Zedong did not understand the economy" has almost become a conclusion which was accepted by the people at home and abroad. As to this conclusion based on what is that very few people discuss. Jinggangshan and Yanan base period, in China can be considered the worst living conditions, meet the needs of hundreds of thousands of military and civilian life and war is a daunting task. No successful economic management capacity, to ensure the long-term survival of bases is unthinkable. The founding of the first industrial base, China did not worth mentioning, even burning oil imports. After 28 years of high speed industrialization, China successfully established a perfect system. In 1952, the industrial 30% of GNP, agricultural 64%, and by 1975, the ratio has reversed, industry accounted for 72% of the national economy, agriculture accounted for only 28%. Under the leadership of China's industrial output increased by 30 times times. Even if the "cultural revolution" period, the industry average growth rate in more than 10. So of high-speed growth actually is Deng Xiaoping for core of second generation leaders banished of for "economic to has crash of edge", let people not only to asked: "where is not edge?" following is several key sector of development data: from 1952 to Mao Zedong times end during, steel yield from 1.4 million tons growth to has 31.8 million tons, coal yield from 66 million tons growth to has 617 million tons, cement yield from 3 million tons growth to has 65 million tons, wood yield from 11 million tons growth to has 51 million tons, power from 7 billion-kilowatt/hours growth to has 2000 NG bailiushiyiqianwa/hours, crude oil yield from fundamental of blank becomes has 104 million tons, fertilizer yield from 39,000 tons rose to has 8.693 million tons. At the same time, China from scratch, build up scale aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy and a wide range of military systems. Has been made in these areas and lay the great achievements of China's great power status. When to Mao's death, China has developed from an agricultural country into from jets, launch vehicles and industrial equipment and agricultural machinery in all industrial powers can do anything. In terms of infrastructure development, has completed a total of more than 1 million km of roads, more than 20,000 km of railways (RR only 22 years of reform and opening of more than 10,000 km), most of which are through to the Gobi desert and mountains, and Yunnan provinces, Guangxi, Fujian, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Ningxia, hetao plain ends, such as the absence of railway history. In terms of water resources development, completed the work of major rivers, the construction of more than 50,000 reservoirs. In terms of culture, education and health, "cultural revolution" basically achieved at the end of compulsory education, invest a maximum of up to 5 per cent of GNP in education funding, established nearly a thousand colleges, thousands of various types of secondary school and improve the education system. The "cultural revolution" during the school-age children never had a problem that does not afford to go to school, and now widespread contrasts the dropout phenomenon. Each county has established health centers and communes, and cultivated a Barefoot doctor team all over the country. Implementation of urban residents free medical care, farmer's doctor or low fees, class a shot a cold fever medication costs in the Yuan (renminbi, the same below). it is worth mentioning is that all these achievements are in the case of international environment, the war continued, achieved through self-reliance. In the time of his death, that is, without leaving debt or inflation, it is extremely rare in developing countries. because of low GDP base in the early, even for 10-year growth is difficult to support such rapid industrialisation process, education, welfare and to pay such huge military spending. In fact, Mao Zedong during the economic growth of the data and does not reflect the actual activity of the economy, only reflect a part of it. Another big economic components that are not counted, according to a market economy perspective, is the labor cost. For example, in the North China plain lying on the construction of a reservoir, mountains without explosive, no mechanical participation only mobilizing the masses duty service construction, this reservoir construction cost is zero. The economic activities in the economic statistics reflect out. It is also a reservoir built under market economy conditions, labour costs will become the investment part of it, into a direct contribution to economic development in the reservoirs will be equal to the actual investments are taken into account. Construction of the railway is another special case. More than 20,000 kilometres of railway was built on the terrain of the district, works great is unimaginable, most notably to Chengdu-Kunming railway bridges and tunnels over 30 per cent of the number. In today's market conditions, the State will be difficult to cope with such a large railway projects. But when railway construction was made by zero-cost labor, trained railwany Institute completed, low investments to ensure the quality and progress of the project. During the Mao Zedong era, low labor costs essential for the accumulation of capital is needed to ensure the development of heavy industry. now back to topic, that is exactly what is meant by "knowledge economy"? if to measure whether or not the leader in economic growth economics, led by double-digit growth at an average rate (does not include the existence of widespread economic activity associated with labor at no cost) would undoubtedly prove that Mao was a remarkable economic leaders. Is it can be called only know how to market economics? whether market economy is the only option for economic human development? Mao Zedong led the Chinese people to the achievements made in just 28 years has undoubtedly given a negative answer. wisdom of Mao Zedong and his experience of living in old China, concepts such as he could not have been unaware of market economy, the stock market. But he's trying to find a new path of economic development, the only way ChinaTo quickly catch up with Britain and the United States and other developed countries. Authors call it based on this new road planned "human economy". It is characterized by a people-centred, to realize the full power of initiative to promote the economic development of the person; it does not deny the currency, but only as a means of regulating material resources, rather than for the purchase of the labour force. In a market economy, and other means, is just part of the cost of production. By contrast, human-centered economy reflects the respect for people. But its implementation requires more demanding environments, namely: noble moral leadership, mass awareness than ever, clear development objectives, common beliefs of the individual will, into a collective will.����Relatively speaking, implementation of market economy conditions are relatively simple, that is, for the realization of personal desires to create a level playing field can be. An overview of Chairman Mao's revolutionary career, he always put the people and education reform in central position. He used the most popular language, a simple number to let his soldiers and ordinary people understand that, under the leadership of national goals and personal values and beliefs. This is his important magic weapon in fight against powerful opponents under the leadership of the army, is also under his leadership the masses without labor incentive initiative ever important reasons.����This is where he was much taller than any other leader to raise. Although the human economy has not suited to today's reality, but this does not justify the deny yesterday. After all, Mao Zedong's created a suitable environment for human-centered economic development, and was a brilliant success. On yesterday's simple negation would make people lose draw their essence and opportunities to improve the current market economy. Mao Zedong's economic practice of human development has opened up a new way of thinking. Economist will discover in the future, people of Mao Zedong's economic future state of the practice is likely to be human and economic development, after all, it's better than market embodies respect for people; and certainly more to maximize people's initiative. For example, China in the context of industrial and technological base is extremely weak, it only takes ten years for the successful launch of a satellite, while in market economy environment, is not so on the basis of the difference and also accompanied by the introduction of technology, has pushed out a decent home-made car. when Deng Xiaoping's economic achievements are denying the Mao Zedong echoed by the masses, and why? simple reason, Deng Xiaoping's development of consumer goods industries, to focus on meeting the consumption needs of the population. During the Mao Zedong, hostile to the international environmental requirements for development of heavy industry in China has to be placed in the preferred position. priority economic development strategies in developing countries mainly in heavy industry, light industry priorities, import substitution and export oriented and import substitution and export-oriented, and so on. Singapore for such a small country, export-oriented is the only choice, medium in developing countries such as Malaysia, light takes precedence, and import substitution and export-oriented and otherwise suitable choice on China's great power, the adverse international environment, only give priority to the development of heavy industry, taking into account the import substitution development strategy has become a choice selection of the Mao Zedong era. Apart from the needs of military industry, China's civilian industrial development on the basis of the equipment industry and industrial machine tools presented the huge demand; a big country like China, totally dependent on imported is not reality. Heavy industry provided the basis without Mao, Deng Xiaoping, light industry, durable goods, particularly rapid industrial development cannot be achieved at all. Countries will have to come up with a large number of foreign exchange to buy expensive power station equipment, large machine tools, mining machinery and heavy vehicles; introduction of color television, refrigerator production line will become empty words. Shanghai Baosteel Group Corporation, led by Deng Xiaoping initiated in phase I project (US $ 18 billion) to represent the ocean plunge, the consumption of dry China all Exchange, resulting in large fiscal deficits, almost ruined the "cultural revolution" it's not so bad at the end of the Chinese economy, is a prominent example. Not Mao in the Midwest area transportation, energy, raw materials, military industrial enterprises, and three great achievements in areas such as enterprise, today's China will face a more difficult area of development imbalances. Terrain of the Midwest regional transport facilities, and other infrastructure is sufficient to Deng Xiaoping's reforms without boasting. It is clear that light of heavy industry and infrastructure development than development much easier. regrettable is that when the Chinese finished tenth pie when you are no longer hungry, first nine loaves of merit and completely forgotten. When some retiring older workers of State-owned enterprises by the current predicament of the enterprise but not timely paid pension, the Chinese Government and civil society have forgotten their contributions? it is they who generation, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, excluding remuneration, high accumulation of case, has the brilliant achievements in China's industrialization, plentiful supply of consumer goods and lay solid foundation today. during the cultural revolution (1966-1976) in China's economic events (all) 1966----------------------------------------------------- on January 28, the CPC Central Committee pointed out that the family is a very important event. China's missile nuclear weapons successfully tested on the same day. February 19, the Chairman noted that, with 25 years basically the realization of agricultural mechanization. February 21, the CPC Central Committee define increases exports to the capitalist countries. March 4 you-Kunming railway connection of 9 months earlier than originally planned. May 3, the first "red flag" advanced car factory. October 8, made the first batch of 100,000-kilowatt hydro-generator. October 15 opening of the Chinese export commodities fair in Guangzhou. December 23The world's first synthetic crystalline insulin. 1967 January 5 petroleum product variety and quantity of self-sufficiency, prospecting, mining, smelting technology peaks in the world. January 16, the first load of 150 tons medium flat truck caused. spring Canton fair in April 15 opening. June 17, the first successful hydrogen bomb explosion in China. July 1-Kunming railway traffic. July 7, China summer grain harvest, 10% over the last year. July 26, the first 100-ton mining railway in China successfully developed car. September 5, China's assistance to the Government of Zambia 101, interest-free loans for construction of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway. October 5, the first transistor successfully developed large digital computers in China. October 15, the first automated cameras are developed. on November 15, fair opened on November 29, China's largest radio telescope installation was successful. in 1968, January 8, China's first ten-thousand-ton wheel "East wind" was established. published on January 11, the people's daily, "^ market" is the butcher's knife kill without spilling [shedding] blood on February 23, large bearings made in China. April 15, radical new large water project of Huaibei plain water logging disaster �C the Bian River project started. June 20 in China summer grain harvest. August 18, rice harvest. September 3, the development of the first hydraulic diesel locomotives in China. November 20 million tons of ocean liners, "Gao" launched. December 25 fuchunjiang large hydropower plant built to produce electricity. December 28, succeeds in making a new hydrogen bomb test. 1969 on February 21, the people's daily, announced that as of the end of 1968, China's domestic public debt has been repaid, China has become the world's superior has no debt, is there a strong independent Socialist state of external debt. on April 2, the first ten-thousand-ton oil tanker "Daqing 27th" launched. May 5, our development of unique effects of antibiotics: "gentamicin". June 13 6 in Shanghai, Tianjin, Dalian shipyard new 8gewan DWT slipway. June 30, people's daily reported that China's wheat crop harvests. July 8, Henan red flag canal built ten years time. September 13, danjiang project completed earlier. September 25, drug prices significantly, over the beginning of 37%, 80% reduction than in 1950. September 26 free aid Viet Nam $ 556 million. Beijing Yanshan refinery completed on September 30. first, September 30 double water cooling wheel generator built, marking the laying manufacturing industry in China has entered a new phase. October 3, the first 5,000-horsepower hydraulic transmission for diesel locomotive was born on October 4 first rotate the oxygen converter into production in China. October 28, accelerate the construction of the second automobile factory. November 14, to speed up construction of panzhihua iron and steel base on November 16, China's agricultural harvest of 1970 on April 26, successfully launched the first artificial Earth satellite. June 1, creates a large number of chemical fertilizer plant. on July 17 in rural areas small hydropower capacity equivalent to twice times in the past 20 years. October 16 large new modern open-pit coal mine �C ^ Hami, Xinjiang PBM open-pit coal mine in production. October 17 China national aid Korea 1.314 billion. December 25 gezhouba project started. 1971��wbr>